Williamson returned to America in 1776,
and established himself as a merchant in North Carolina (trading with America's
new ally, the French). During the war he was state surgeon general, and
during the bitter fighting in the Carolinas in 1780-1781, he accompanied
the army as a doctor/surgeon.
In the early 1780s, as the war wound down,
Williamson was elected to the state assembly (House of Commons) and the
Continental Congress - where he spoke in favor of a stronger national government.
At Philadelphia he worked with the Virginia and Pennsylvania delegations
in support of a strong, national government, and he also helped fashion
the compromise giving Congress the power to end the slave trade after 1808
(Williamson was opposed to slavery). Despite his efforts to secure ratification,
North Carolina did not join the new union initially. Only after Washington's
election, and the meeting of a second ratification convention, did North
Carolina become the twelfth state in the new nation.
Sources: see especially his essay "Letters to Sylvius" published in the American Museum in 1787; and reprinted in most anthologies of the constitutional debates.